+ Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC)

Chairs: Elise Joshua, Michelle Arguello, Maddi Brown

Topic 1: Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons

The development of nuclear weapons has been an integral part of advancing international conflicts, and simultaneously, easing disputes among world powers. This topic specifically encompasses the dangerous capabilities of nuclear weapons as well as the need for disarmament to end the use of these weapons of destruction. Nuclear weapons have the ability to affect more than just governmental powers, jeopardizing the lives of citizens within the interconnected world; the hazards of these weapons are indiscriminate as demonstrated through their past use and testing. Thus, delegates will be asked to consider the humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons branching from accidental to intentional detonation and the potential responsibility of states to carry out the general and complete disarmament of nuclear weapons.

Topic 2: Data Collection as a Threat to International Security

The internet has grown to be a significant resource used by 5.07 billion people worldwide. This, in turn, allows political campaigns and big data companies to gain useful information from a large pool of Internet users. To many data scientists and economists, data is viewed as equally, if not more valuable than oil given its opportunity for political and social power (through data mining). The collection and use of data from social media users and beyond is an unprecedented, relevant issue for every member state given data localization and the varying policies concerning data privacy. International conflicts arise from data collection due to concerns regarding the effect of data mining on election integrity, ​​digital sovereignty, and cyberattacks. During this committee, delegates will be asked to consider the sociopolitical implications of how data is accessed, used, and stored in order to develop both long-term and short-term solutions to the issues regarding data privacy.

+ Economics and Financial Committee (ECOFIN)

Chairs: Mike Zhang, Henry Chen

Topic 1: Combating illicit financial flows

This issue indirectly impacts all member states but all the more so developing and emerging countries, whose economies are just stabilizing. Since the scope of the topic is so broad, policies regarding illicit financial flows are often incoherent or badly coordinated and implemented. The continuation of illicit financial flows lead to other unintended consequences: the lack of sustainability, mistrust in government, lack of international cooperation, and further increasing the gap between countries. Delegates are asked to consider connections between policy issues—synergies between governments where they exist—in search for equity, sovereign equality, and overall different needs of member states.

Topic 2: Eradicating rural poverty

Over the last decade, there has been immense progress in reducing rural poverty mainly due to successful policies promoting economic opportunities for the rural poor and expanding social protection in rural areas. However, the urbanization and modernization of rural areas have also vastly increased inequality; disruptions such as epidemics or environmental conditions disproportionately affect rural people, many of whom depend on mobility, seasonal and migrant workers, and remittances. Delegates are asked to consider the links between poverty and inequality in rural areas, found mainly in developing countries—while poverty and inequality are clearly linked, they also follow different dynamics and require innovative approaches.

+ Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee (SOCHUM)

Chairs: Vittal Sivakumar, Annli Zhu

Topic 1: Right to Food

Zero hunger, food security, improved nutrition, and sustainable agriculture are all a part of the United Nation’s second Sustainable Development Goal. Almost every nation in the world has yet to meet one or more aspects of this goal. From malnutrition caused by food deserts or food insecurity in areas of conflict, those who are most affected are marginalized communities. Children, women, and communities of color and lower socioeconomic status are located in areas that are disproportionately affected by hunger and weak food systems. Inequalities in food access are growing, and it is especially crucial to resolve these issues because nutrition is a precursor for future social and economic development. This committee will work on solutions to help diminish disparities in food access, strengthen agricultural systems, and address the social systems that predispose marginalized communities to the greatest harms. SOCHUM is dedicated to combating hunger with proper nutrition and health as a human right and guaranteeing safe and secure food access for all.

Topic 2: Protection of Education in Conflict Zones

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees the right to education without discrimination. However, this is easily violated in times of humanitarian crises, especially in countries in conflict. Interruptions to education not only damage children’s social development and future economic opportunities but also negatively impact the long-term peacebuilding and humanitarian development of a nation. Furthermore, women and girls are differentially impacted by attacks on education, often resulting in abuse, harassment, forced marriage, and financial barriers. This committee will focus on developing solutions that promote both accessibility and quality education in countries affected by conflict, fragility, and violence. SOCHUM delegates will discuss ways to build resilient and inclusive education systems, approach gender-based stereotypes, and address the humanitarian needs of communities impacted by these crises.

+ Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL)

Chairs: David Min, Beckett Pechon-Elkins

Topic 1: Question of the Balkan Region

The Yugoslav Wars of 1994-2001 was a complicated conflict that involved multiple ethnic and political factions in the Balkans region in Europe. As a member of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL), delegates will have the opportunity and responsibility to explore the root causes of the war, its impact on the region, and the role of the international community in addressing the crisis. Through research, debate, and collaboration, delegates will aim to craft solutions—in hopes of sparking safety, security, and reconciliation in the Balkans.

Topic 2: Yemeni Civil War

Although the Yemeni Civil War is often dubbed the ‘forgotten war’ by Western media outlets, its humanitarian impact is hard to understate. The conflict has resulted in immense suffering and loss of life, with millions of Yemenis currently facing famine, disease, and displacement. As the country enters its eighth year of consecutive fighting and with no end in sight, it’s important for delegates to approach this dialogue from all angles. Sunni and Shia; ISIS and al-Qaeda; self-determination and repression. No matter how you break it down, one thing’s clear: there is no easy answer.

+ World Food Programme (WFP)

Chairs: Graham Litz, Yna Owusu

Topic 1: Colonization through global food policy

Global food supplies are distributed inequitably, with more-developed countries (primarily Europe and North America) relying on food production in less-developed countries to supply them with surpluses. This inequality is a holdover from earlier colonial policies, where colonized countries were expected to provide raw resources to the more diversified economies of the metropolis — and is preserved in current food deficits between food-importing nations and food-exporting. Yet, while most-developed countries extract far more from the global food network than they give back, they are also some of the most frequent givers of food aid. Corporations headquartered in Western countries often export unhealthy and invasive food regimes to other nations, an effect named “Coca-Colonization” by scholars and observed in the spread of fast-food chains to regions like India and Kuwait. We encourage you to consider these effects and others (like the spread of disease, food aid and political recognition, and the colonial implications of the climate crisis) as you research this topic.

Topic 2: Food insecurity affecting conflict zones and refugees

Conflict zone populations are at the greatest risk of hunger and even famine during and past the pandemic, as worldwide, food insecurity was expected to double by the year’s end. Food insecurity today disproportionately impacts severely affected countries. Hungry families are waving white flags to surrender and show that they need help. We must study the link between armed conflict, food insecurity, and forced refugees. The WFP is actually cutting food rations for refugees who rely on them for survival as resources are depleting as global hunger soars. Coupled with devastating conflict and climate extremes, our global food crisis is hitting refugees the hardest. Civilians are being displaced and driven away from their homes, losing their homes and lives. As you are researching this topic, make sure you focus your research on those that are hit hardest, including the refugees, urban poor, informal workers, agrarian communities, children, women, the elderly, the sick and people with disabilities, prison populations, and Queer and BIPOC people.

+ UN Women

Chairs: Sophia Ramirez, Troi Slade, Isai Melendez

Topic 1: Providing Protection against Exploitation of Women Migrant Workers

In transit and arrival to their destination, women migrant workers face several challenges which lead to long and short-term harm due to unsafe migration routes and a lack of gender-sensitive migration policies. They risk sexual abuse, monetary exploitation, human trafficking, and capture. Alarming statistics mention that up to 60%, 80%, and 90% of women are raped en route to their destinations. Upon arrival, they face discrimination, theft of wages, food insecurity, insolation from family and the outside world, and worker rights violations due to in part the dependency on their employer for a work permit. Additionally, only 22% of domestic migrant workers are covered by social protection, thus lacking access to necessary resources and health care. Through programs that provide accessible and clear information regarding safe migration and an overview of their country of destination, women migrant workers receive the necessary tools for safer travel and living.

Topic 2: Maternal Mortality in Developing Countries

The aftermath of COVID-19 has allowed us to see the flaws in medical infrastructures across the world. Maternal mortality reached all-time highs in the midst of the pandemic with almost 800 birthing people dying per day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Industrialized and developing countries alike, suffer from inadequate health services for childbearing people. Comprehensive reproductive knowledge, destigmatization of women's pain, as well as addressing inadequate healthcare services within general legislative infrastructure are key components to combating maternal mortality. While maternal mortality is a problem in industrialized countries, how can we aid developing countries in the fight to save maternal lives? Our topic seeks to develop intersectional solutions to maternal mortality across the globe but in developing countries specifically, pertaining to poor sanitation, medical infrastructure, and the stigmatization of women's health.

+ Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)

Chair: Afrin Tarafder, Thomas Lowe

Topic 1: Space Debris and Anti-Satellite Technology

2021 saw the most satellites launched in a single year. This is in large part thanks to lower launch costs and smaller satellites that allow a large cast of actors, from smaller powers to large companies, to now operate space assets. All these new actors are rushing towards the stars in hopes of cashing in on a burgeoning industry that facilitates critical aspects of modern life such as the internet, navigation, and weather forecasting. Such a proliferation of space actors has made Earth’s orbit increasingly crowded; a crowding that has had destructive consequences. The increasing concentration of satellites and subsequent space debris raises the risks of collisions, where even a tiny ball bearing can destroy a fully operational satellite. Additionally, the rising strategic importance of space to the economies and militaries of the world’s great powers is driving the proliferation of anti-satellite weapons that could dramatically increase the amount of space debris in Earth’s orbit. Unfortunately, up until now, there has been little to no effective international progress towards cleaning up existing space debris nor preventing the creation of further space debris from either peaceful or military operations in space. It is up to this committee to secure a clean and safe Earth orbit so that future generations of humanity can enjoy the benefits of the final frontier.

Topic 2: Sustainable Space Technology

There has been a growing interest in space travel, therefore, a rise in space technology for the past decade. Global figures, such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, are laying the groundwork for such exploration. However, this calls into question how humans will be able to explore the cosmos in a sustainable way without destroying the Earth. There is no doubt that space travel and exploration will continue to be a growing field of interest for decades to come, however, we need to prioritize building instruments that are sustainable. This can be done through the use of renewable energy sources such as solar power, reusable rockets, and launch systems, to the development of electric propulsion systems. The goal of this committee is to figure out a way to advance the future of space exploration, while also keeping in mind the consequences of such an investigation if there is no long-term sustainability plan. Integrating these sustainability principles into space technology will provide humanity with the opportunity to responsibly coexist with the rest of the universe.

+ World Health Organization (WHO)

Chair: Ashley Sottosanti, Madeline Pitre

Topic 1: Substance Use Disorders and Drug Addiction

Around the world, about 35 million people suffer from drug use disorders, defined as a usage to the extent that causes consistent harm and dependence, yet only 1 in every 7 receive treatment. These habits affect their work, social lives, and physical health, and lead to almost 600,000 deaths per year. Of these deaths, two-thirds come from opioid abuse, which is a growing problem around the world. In 2020, 61 million people were using opioids, which are incredibly addictive and convince the mind and body that they are necessary for survival. Aside from the physical and mental repercussions of these substances, drug use, especially related to intravenous injections, is often linked to bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis C and HIV. In fact, in 2022, of the 11.2 million people recorded as injecting drugs, 1.4 million live with HIV, and around 5.6 million with hepatitis C. The unbridled spread of these illnesses is worsened by high rates of unsanitary injections and needle sharing, which are especially prevalent in vulnerable populations such as prisons. Drug use and addiction are multi-faceted, worldwide problems that affect nearly every aspect of human life and are often treated as criminal offenses instead of health issues. Treating these issues should be a top priority for the worldwide community.

Topic 2: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

Over 40% of the global population doesn’t have access to sufficient clean water, and inadequate sanitation is linked to up to 80% of illnesses in the developing world, the majority of which are preventable. Beyond causing disease, unsafe water can lead to issues in childhood development. In the womb, lack of access to water can lead to premature births and congenital abnormalities. A continued lack of access in early childhood negatively impacts the development of brain functions such as memory and attention span. These detrimental effects on human health are exacerbated by underdeveloped sanitation infrastructure and limited access to water. One major issue preventing access to clean water involves chemical contamination, both from natural sources and industrial factory runoff. Furthermore, a lack of knowledge of basic hygiene practices, such as the disposal of human waste, increases risks of infection in healthcare settings and agricultural contamination. Clean water is integral to every aspect of human life, and it is absolutely essential to secure reliable access for all.

+ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Chair: Vinny Sriram, Maheen Iqbal

Topic 1: Impact of Artificial Intelligence & Algorithmic Bias on Refugees & Asylum Cases

The use of biometric technology in asylum cases has become increasingly common in recent years, with many countries in the European Union (EU) relying on automated systems to verify the identities of asylum seekers and track their movements. However, the use of biometric technology in this context is not without its risks and challenges. One of the most pressing concerns is the potential for algorithmic bias, which can lead to unfair and unjust outcomes for those seeking protection. The topic guide will seek to explore the link between algorithmic bias in biometric technology and asylum cases, highlighting how these biases can perpetuate systemic discrimination and perpetuate existing inequalities. We will also discuss the implications of these biases and discuss currently proposed strategies to mitigate their impact. Algorithmic bias in biometric technology and asylum cases can undermine the integrity of the asylum process as a whole. Acknowledging increased reliance on AI endows governments with the responsibility to consider the large-scale damage algorithmic bias can cause. The falsely assumed impartiality of algorithms is incredibly dangerous precisely due to the fact that they are often seen as an antidote to human bias when in reality they are a product of them.

Topic 2: Impact of Climate Change & Natural Disasters on Internal Displacement

“The climate crisis is a human crisis.” The effects of climate change and natural disasters are especially felt in conflict-ridden regions. The already difficult circumstances of those living in conflict-affected areas are only compounded by climate change. Specifically, the question of internally displaced persons ought to be addressed as climate change and disasters only lead to more displaced persons and worsen conditions for those already displaced. It is of the utmost importance to address the compounding impact of climate change and natural disasters on internal displacement and internally displaced persons. This topic guide will demonstrate the impact of climate change and natural disasters on internal displacement and the worsening conditions of those already displaced. Moreover, we will discuss methods by which the least affected nations can support affected nations and persons to mitigate internal displacement and secure livable conditions for internally displaced persons.

+ World Bank

Chairs: Selin Nalbantoglu, Frank Lin

Topic 1: Inflation and Foreign Currency Exchange

Post-COVID inflation as well as non-COVID-related devaluation of currencies in many member countries has led to an increase in the price of borrowing money, thereby discouraging durable consumption and investments. Many countries face high inflation or hyperinflation in their local currencies due to supply chain disruptions, political factors such as the lack of an independent center, or recent aggregate demand shocks. This makes borrowing in foreign currencies a high-risk transaction because, if the local currency continues to lose value through inflation, nominal debt obligations increase. The World Bank can step in to help lend to countries experiencing high inflation in their own currency to address this risk. Yet, before undertaking such transactions, it is important to understand the source of the inflation, hedge inflation risk when underwriting loans to affected countries, and assess the World Bank’s exposure for these loans to determine their feasibility.

Topic 2: Accelerating Adoption of Renewable Energy

Moving into the third decade of the 21st century, the World Bank is increasingly concerned with not just raw economic growth but also sustainable development, in line with its commitment to sustainable development goals. One crucial pillar of sustainable development is the increased adoption of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy currently accounts for a little less than one-third of total energy use. On the one hand, renewable energy still faces serious challenges in terms of its scalability, storage, and cost, particularly in LDCs where the requisite infrastructure may be lacking. On the other hand, accelerating the adoption of renewable energy could combat climate change, improve the environment, enhance energy security, and kickstart a new technological transformation. The World Bank has a crucial role to play in strategically leveraging its financial and institutional resources to move the world towards a more sustainable path of development.

+ Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)

Chairs: Zakira Bakhshi, Madeleine Keenan

Topic 1: Protecting Women in Climate Disasters

As the climate crisis is becoming a threat multiplier and particularly affecting fragile and conflict-affected settings, women and girls are in dire vulnerability. Rising temperatures are fueling environmental degradation, natural disasters, weather extremes, food and water insecurity, conflict, and terrorism. According to a recent report from UN Women in February 2022, women and girls have limited access to services and health care, face increased risks related to maternal and child care, and witness gender-based violence, including conflict-related sexual violence, human trafficking, child marriage, and other forms of violence. They experience the greatest impacts of climate change, which amplifies existing gender inequalities and poses unique threats to their livelihoods, health, and safety. Hence, it is critically important for the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) to ensure the provision of authentic opportunities for women to access more resources and participate in decision-making processes. This gender-responsive approach is also crucial for making informed decisions and shifting gender norms.

Topic 2: Women in the Workplace & The Gender Wage Gap

One of the most pressing issues affecting women today is how they are treated in the labor market and in the workplace. Considering the huge disparities in pay compared to men to women working under poor conditions in sweatshops, women are at the forefront of gendered workplace discrimination. This issue is especially poignant for women working in garment factories, where they make up about 80% of the workers. They are often subject to long hours, low pay, and abuse by their employers when making clothes from brands that many people wear casually. In 2007, the UN created a campaign called Better Work with the aim to improve conditions for workers inside these factories. In 2016 this program was found to be successfully improving the working conditions at these majority-women factories. The reason why women are employed in the garment industry at such a high rate is often due to employers feeling that they can utilize negative stereotypes about women, that women are passive and submissive, and women are often forced to follow in order to take advantage of them.

+ Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)

Chairs: Alexandra Ceballos

Topic 1: Safe Water and Sanitation

As water and sanitation play a crucial role in almost every aspect of life, the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 is essential for the success of all other Goals. For instance, access to clean water and sanitation is critical to achieving good health, gender equality, food security, sustainable energy, and poverty reduction. The Report of the Secretary-General at the 26th session of CSTD in March 2023 concludes there is an urgent need to translate science, technology, and innovation into real-world impacts. There’s also a transdisciplinarity dimension: developing water-related solutions requires the use of analytical science and engineering products, but their implementation and sustainability significantly depend on social aspects including behavior, culture, economy, policy, and governance. Technology sharing among other countries and investment in nexus approaches are other important avenues through which water and sanitation-related issues can be addressed.

Topic 2: Developing Smart Cities for Sustainable Urbanization

The rapid urbanization we have experienced in recent years has resulted in mounting challenges, such as congestion, pollution, and strained public services. A potential pathway to address these issues is provided by smart cities. By utilizing cutting-edge technology such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT) and renewable energy, smart cities aim to improve the quality of urban life in a sustainable manner. However, many cities, especially in developing countries, do not have access to the latest technology and resources required to implement smart city initiatives. The international community must prioritize collaboration for bridging this divide. Inaction could exacerbate inequality, intensify urban environmental degradation, and strain already limited resources, ultimately jeopardizing the well-being of billions of people living in urban areas.

+ UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)

Chairs: Anna Zhao, Ivan Sinyavin

Topic 1: Aiding Climate Refugees

In 2021, the World Bank estimated 216 million people would have to flee their country of origin by 2050 resulting from rising sea levels and weather extremities. These climate disasters have disproportionate impacts and will hit Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia severely. The post-disaster response requires great human and monetary expenditure, the UNDRR aims to increase the efficacy of government responses. This committee will focus on providing safe relocation for refugees, and solutions for preventing further climate disasters.

Topic 2: Combating Environmental Degradation

The dual threats of deforestation and desertification pose serious risks to the world’s ecosystems and human well-being. Currently, 31% of the Earth’s land is covered by forests, which play a critical role in mitigating climate change, providing vital resources for millions of people, and supporting the world’s rich biodiversity. In addition, desertification threatens over one billion people who inhabit drylands around the world. Both deforestation and desertification result from unsustainable human activities, such as poorly planned agriculture, infrastructure, overgrazing and illegal logging, and climate change-induced environmental changes. These issues not only disrupt ecosystems but also force affected populations to migrate, leading to social and political conflict. This committee will work to develop sustainable solutions to combat deforestation and desertification and establish long-lasting, effective coalitions of collaboration against climate change around the world.

+ Commission on Population and Development (CPD)

Chairs: Andrew Tran, Jeffery Tan

Topic 1: Population Growth and Resource Scarcity

As populations grow, the demand for certain resources also grows. As such, when production or allocation inadequacies arise for resources like education, food, and money, economic and social development suffers. As these scarcities highlight disparity, conflict within or between countries often emerges, putting a damper on other development. Additionally, in trying to satisfy these resource scarcities, issues such as climate change are frequently exacerbated, leading to unsustainable growth. Delegates will work to create creative solutions toward an equitable distribution of these resources within and between countries to ensure sustainable and humanitarian population development. They will research different global or national resource scarcities and policies that could mitigate population-driven scarcity within their countries. In doing so, delegates will think critically about how different scarcities are caused and sustainable solutions to these issues.

Topic 2: Reproductive Health

Ensuring adequate and equitable access to sexual and reproductive health resources is vital to maintaining healthy populations. Protected by the United Nations, reproductive rights include everything from the right to decide when to have children, the right to have access to family planning counseling and contraceptive resources, and the right to have safe pregnancies and deliveries. Although all countries around the world have ratified treaties protecting these rights, global reproductive health continues to be plagued by issues such as lack of access to maternal healthcare, crackdowns on women’s autonomous reproductive rights, and cultural stigmas surrounding sexual education. According to the World Health Organization, 808 women died due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications every day in 2017, and 270 million women lack access to modern family planning services. Reproductive health is an international issue affecting all members of the global community, making it especially important to consider groups that have been traditionally stigmatized and marginalized, such as the LGBTQ+ community. Other related topics the committee should consider include the relationship between reproductive health and aging populations, declining populations, and the protection of people against sexual violence in times of war.

+ Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ)

Chairs: Adam Welsey, Patrick Chu

Topic 1: Piracy and Crime Prevention on the High Seas

The global economy remains intensely interconnected through overseas commerce. All nations, therefore, benefit from commercial maritime security, and both the United Nations and international law obligate nations to enforce and maintain this security. But piracy, terrorism, and organized crime at sea continue to threaten this status. From direct attacks on commercial operations to smuggling and subversion of national laws, these practices constitute an ever-present obstacle to freedom of the seas. The CCPCJ has a unique position and ability to apply existing international law and to pursue collective and individual actions to prevent and respond to these occurrences.

Topic 2: International Counterfeiting and Money Laundering

As international economic activity recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries face domestic inflation as well as rapidly changing foreign currency exchange rates. These conditions make it more attractive than ever before for organizations to counterfeit stable currencies and launder money, using fraudulent financial transactions to hide criminal activity. These practices are integral to many international crimes, from terrorism to drug trafficking, since they help legitimize money from illegal sources. It is critical that the United Nations and CCPCJ identify and attempt to end counterfeiting and money laundering activity.

+ Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND)

Chairs: Raymond Jin, Sammi Lin

Topic 1: Drugs & Conflict

During times of war, the rate of illicit drug use typically increases drastically. This phenomenon has been witnessed recently in the war in Ukraine, where among other factors stress and physical pain have increased the rate of drug use. Simultaneously, many people in war zones are reliant on legal drugs to help with existing ailments. For instance, many recovering heroin addicts in Ukraine have been unable to access methadone, a drug typically used to withdraw from opioid addictions. Within war zones and unstable regions, many studies also show that the drug trade can exacerbate and elongate violence. The international community is thus gravely concerned and must work to provide conflict-affected people with the additional support and enforcement they need.

Topic 2: Protecting Vulnerable Populations Against Drug Abuse

Illicit drug use has been a pervasive issue around the world. It can lead to an increased risk for a variety of health issues from cardiovascular diseases to mental illnesses. In the worst-case scenario, drug abuse can even lead to death. In recent years, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has seen an increase in drug usage and overdoses. This has particularly been the case for people within socially and economically disadvantaged communities, including ethnic and racial minorities, women, and the poor. Oftentimes, these are also the very same people who lack access to proper drug treatment programs or drug use prevention methods. These challenges may arise because of financial burdens, logistical difficulties, or low social support among a myriad of other reasons. Overcoming these problems for vulnerable populations will help alleviate inequities in narcotics usage and be a key part of the world’s effort to prevent drug abuse.

+ Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR)

Chairs: Auston Collings, Chloe Nguyen

Topic 1: Artificial Intelligence & Human Rights

Artificial intelligence has become increasingly integrated into everyday life, from the rise of ChatGPT to its implementation in booking flights. However, many warn this phenomenon is something to be wary of. For example, there is increased gender and ethnic bias on the part of AI. Others also highlight the potential for millions of jobs to be killed, and the impact AI-generated art would have on cultural practices. 193 members of UNESCO back in 2021 passed a resolution on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. It set the first global normative framework while giving member states the responsibility to apply it at their level. However, this discourse has only evolved since then as the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres issued a blunt warning to the world during his opening address of the 77th General Assembly. He warned that “AI can compromise the integrity of information systems, the media, and indeed democracy itself.” For instance, China has since used AI to censor speech related to anti-lockdown protests. Others criticize American companies' increased use of AI and concern over data privacy and surveillance. These ongoing events all pose an important question for this committee to answer: how does the global community regulate and implement AI in a safe manner while protecting human, economic, social, and cultural rights?

Topic 2: Protecting Cultural & Intellectual Property

The destruction of cultural and intellectual property is a severe issue both in times of war and peace. Certain military agendas have extended their atrocities to the demolition of cultural emblems, some that withstood the tests of time since the ancient era. For example, the Buddhas of Bamiyan were destroyed by the Taliban government in 2001 after they were declared idols, and thus antithetical to the Taliban regime. In 2015, ISIS destroyed the Temple of Bel, regarded as the most important temple in Syria, as part of their efforts to make the diversity of the past forgotten. Both of these criminal offenses, among many other instances of cultural destruction in wartime, have raised immense alarm from local and international figures. This raises the question of to what extent governments and cultural institutions should be responsible for safeguarding historically and culturally significant pieces of art. Additionally, this begs the question of where the threshold is laid for intervention, both domestically and internationally. Though it was not destroyed in the chaos, the Notre Dame cathedral in France saw a mobilization of recovery efforts that set an important precedent for how quickly and effectively relief could be initiated with the right attention and care. Cultural and intellectual property protection also applies to protecting indigenous and marginalized cultural practices in countries with colonial backgrounds. These examples pose the important question of obligation that the committee should work hard to consider: who is responsible and for what.

+ Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PFII)

Chairs: Nathan Mu, Joanne Lee

Topic 1: Protecting Indigenous Cultural Practices

Historically, indigenous communities have faced constant threats to aspects of their daily lives, including established language systems, connections to their culture, and land use. According to the UN, one indigenous language dies every two weeks, posing a direct danger to the roughly 6,000 indigenous languages that exist today. Additionally, American school curriculums have engaged in blatant indigenous culture erasure and indigenous populations suffer severe human rights abuses due to the expropriation of their lands by larger corporations. A report from the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues called for cooperation between the government and indigenous populations to initiate the revitalization of indigenous languages and ensure the protection of indigenous rights and culture. The report detailed instances of such interaction producing beneficial results in countries such as the United States, the Russian Federation, and Chile.

Topic 2: Preventing Ethnic Conflict & Genocide

In many post-colonial societies, there is a conflict between historical colonizers and the historically colonized. Throughout history, there are many examples of violence that have been induced by discriminatory ideology and policy. Analysis of ideas such as social Darwinism and eugenics can help us understand why there is a fundamental divide between indigenous populations and their colonizers. Policies such as the creation of caste systems and laws surrounding land rights have also contributed to segregation, discrimination, and violence. In this sense, a history of colonization created structures that still endure to this day, and a deep analysis of the borders created by these structures yields profound realizations. Another key topic to consider is the influence of governments and transnational corporations in defining these borders, perpetuating violence, and in some cases, inducing genocide. Some historical case studies include the Guatemalan genocide and Australia’s colonial history. In the case of Guatemala, the United Fruit Company played a large role in overthrowing the government and removing indigenous people from their lands. Often, the corporate and capitalistic interests of countries like the United States set the example of how indigenous people are treated. Contemporary examples to consider include the Uyghur Muslim population in China and ethnic conflict in Chiapas, Mexico.

+ Sub-committee of Experts on Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (UNSCETDG)

Chairs: Noah Jung, Estelle Balsirow

Topic 1: Preventing Chemical Accidents

With the recent (~50 years) increase in the development of chemical technologies (with regards to chemical use in business, agriculture, military-industrial complex), there has been a parallel increase in the sheer number of chemical-related accidents internationally (including but not limited to spills, chemical explosions, and accidents during transportation), from the recent Ohio toxic spill to the Beirut explosions and the Dahej chemical plant explosion in 2020. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in just the US alone, there is an average of 1 chemical accident every 2 days (Environmental Protection Agency). While the UNSCETDG has historically established guidelines for classifying and disposing of dangerous chemicals (such as lithium-ion batteries in the household, UN/SCETDG/59/INF.40), the aforementioned events have made an update on transportation and disposal policies only necessary. As well, policies will have to be made regarding corporate responsibility in these types of instances. As leading experts in chemical manufacturing and transportation, delegates will be responsible for preventing these accidents in the future and creating a safer world for all.

Topic 2: Regulating Chemical Transport and Weapons in Times of War

A growing concern has been placed on the management of hazardous materials during times of conflict, especially as these dangerous goods can either sway trade or be deployed on the citizens of the afflicted areas. Incidents where a country’s dangerous materials were disposed of, traded with, or used within a conflicting country has happened in recent times: in 2018, the Palestinian Environmental Quality Authority issued a notification to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal on an incident wherein two trucks from an Israel’s Nitzane Shalom (Geshuri) settlement industrial zone were spotted dumping their toxic contents into a Palestinian landfill. While the case was resolved, the ongoing problem is the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict and Russia dumping and/or deploying hazardous materials onto Ukraine soil. According to the United Nations Environments Program, urban and rural areas of Ukraine are likely to have a “toxic legacy for generations to come.” As leading experts in chemical manufacturing and transportation, delegates will be tasked to create a resolution on the use and transportation of dangerous goods and how to regulate their use as a weapon during times of conflict and warfare.

+ Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Chairs: Way Lee, Andrew Lau

Topic 1: Maintaining Regional Sovereignty

As the home to many small and vulnerable countries with a diverse range of cultures, languages, and political systems, protecting the sovereignty of the region is a critical priority of the PIF. At the heart of the issue lies two critical conflicts - maintaining regional sovereignty and resisting foreign interference. Regionally, delegates will have to deal with balancing regional integration and national sovereignty. How do member states balance autonomy and independence while bolstering collaboration through regional treaties and frameworks? Internationally, delegates have to deal with growing foreign interests and interference in the region. How will member states balance working with the international community and receiving foreign aid while maintaining national sovereignty?

Topic 2: Regulating Deep Sea Mining Activities

In recent years, deep-sea mining has become seen as a solution to many pressing resource shortages, especially the lack of minerals and metals essential for clean energy production, electric cars, and improved battery technologies. The Pacific Island states are home to some of the most resource-rich Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) in the world. However, they have also made regional commitments to marine conservation and ocean sustainability, which would likely come into conflict with increased deep-sea mining. How will member states balance these environmental commitments with the lucrative economic opportunities presented by deep-sea mining? Member states also have different levels of economic development, entailing polarizing views on the need for deep-sea mining. How might they harmonize domestic legislation and create regional frameworks that regulate deep-sea mining, so as to preserve regional unity?

+ Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Chairs: Arjun Warrior, Nathan (Taehyeong) Ko

Topic 1: The Situation in Myanmar

In February 2021, Myanmar’s military deposed the nation’s democratically elected government and vested governing power in a military junta, which suspended elections. News of the coup was met with widespread protests which the government forcefully suppressed. In response, Myanmar’s political opposition coalesced into an organization branded the National Unity Government, which declared itself the legitimate government of Myanmar. In May 2021, the NUG announced the formation of a military branch, the People’s Defense Force, and declared a defensive war against the junta. The PDF has launched armed insurgencies against the junta across Myanmar and has been met with military opposition, launching the country into full-blown civil war. Thousands of people in Myanmar have died, millions are internally displaced, and the nation and surrounding region are now consumed in a refugee and humanitarian crisis. ASEAN has tried, unsuccessfully, to mediate the military crisis. The bloc’s initial response was widely regarded as too slow and too conservative by outside observers. In this conference, ASEAN should aim to overcome its internal divisions and resolve the ongoing military, humanitarian, and refugee crises in Myanmar. ASEAN should also attempt to determine how Myanmar can be suitably represented in ASEAN and other multilateral bodies and address the situation of political prisoners in Myanmar, including Aung San Suu Kyi. As several member-states have acknowledged, ASEAN’s response to the Myanmar crisis may fundamentally change the nature of the organization, which has operated under a principle of non-interference in member states’ internal affairs since its founding.

Topic 2: Environmental Challenges in Southeast Asia

ASEAN is confronting increasing environmental challenges as a result of its rapid urbanization, population growth, and economic development. The region has experienced increasing damage from extreme weather events in recent years; it is suffering from longer droughts, hotter temperatures, stronger typhoons and storms, and worse flooding. Vast proportions of Southeast Asia’s population live in regions and buildings that are vulnerable to sea-water rise, increased temperatures, and storms and floods. Accompanying these issues are challenges regarding endangered species preservation, air pollution, deforestation, and the destruction of coral reefs. Southeast Asian ecosystems are integral components of global biodiversity; 20 percent of all the world’s known animal species are native to the region. ASEAN must develop multilateral solutions to ensure that Southeast Asia’s human population is protected from the effects of climate change, including extreme weather events. Additionally, ASEAN should attempt to develop stronger environmental regulations, protect unique ecosystems and endangered species, and address transnational poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. Finally, ASEAN should consider steps that can be taken to balance the region’s drive for economic development with the environmental consequences of urbanization and deforestation, such as smog and haze.

+ Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR)

Chairs: Matthew Dobre, Seung Min Baik

Topic 1: Venezuela's Membership in MERCOSUR

When Venezuela joined MERCOSUR in 2012, it was met with great fanfare by most member countries as a way of expanding the strategic influence of the common market, particularly because of Venezuela’s significant oil reserves. But just four years later, Venezuela was suspended amid a significant humanitarian crisis, alleged human rights violations, and democratic backsliding on the part of President Maduro—which MERCOSUR member countries claim put Venezuela at odds with MERCOSUR’s membership requirements. This session considers what future, if any, Venezuela should have in MERCOSUR.

Topic 2: Reevaluating the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)

Although negotiations to establish the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)—which would facilitate free trade between all countries in the Americas—officially ceased in 2005, the idea remains popular among some North-American leaders and stands a chance of being proposed again in the future. Many MERCOSUR countries previously opposed the FTAA for reasons that included a desire to limit economic dependence on the U.S. and Canada, a desire to protect their industries from transcontinental competition, and a fear that the U.S.’s domestic agriculture subsidies would prevent MERCOSUR’s farmers from meaningfully competing in U.S. markets. In recent years, however, some MERCOSUR member countries have demonstrated newfound interest in an agreement with other American countries. Therefore, this session considers how MERCOSUR should respond to the FTAA and if it should be proposed in the future.

+ North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Chairs: Michaela Wang, Julian Suh-Toma, & Andres Fa'aoso

Topic 1: Partial Cession of Ukraine: A NATO Committee Discussion on Legal, Ethical, Security, and Humanitarian Concerns

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has pressured NATO-affiliated countries to provide both military and political support. Despite a string of victories in what has become a powerful counteroffensive, Russia’s resources and ideological stake in retaking Ukrainian territory suggests that a protracted (and thus costly, further destabilizing, and ultimately, deadly) conflict may be likely. In this session, we discuss the possibility of partial annexation, likely involving the Luhansk or Donetsk regions. By balancing the pragmatics of legality and resource conservation with broader considerations of NATO’s role in Cold War policy, its ethical duty to the people of Ukraine, and the implications of annexation for global security, we will develop a plan of action based on the current state of conflict.

Topic 2: Dissolving NATO?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been a cornerstone of international security and cooperation since its inception in 1949. Formed with the objective of ensuring collective defense and promoting stability in the North Atlantic region, NATO has played a crucial role in deterring aggression and fostering cooperation among member states. However, many have argued that NATO has outlived its mandate and should be dissolved.

+ European Union (EU)

Chairs: Camila Young, Julian Rivera

Topic 1: Equitable Implementation of the European Green Deal: Addressing Vulnerabilities of Islands and Equatorial Communities

The passing of the European Green Deal has far-reaching implications for the inclusion of marginalized communities. There are significant questions that remain around specific policy measures that should be implemented to ensure these communities are equitably accounted for. Islands and equatorial communities are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and often have less economic power to combat these effects. With the passing of the European Green Deal, the international community has urged European nations within the EU to provide support in this regard. This sort of support, however, warrants a range of considerations, such as sustainable infrastructure development, disaster preparedness, resource access, and capacity-building initiatives. By addressing the unique challenges faced by these communities, the EU must propose comprehensive policies that prioritize their needs and rights, while simultaneously fostering resilience and sustainability in the face of climate-related threats.

Topic 2: Sustainable Resource Management in Antarctica: Balancing Economic Potential and Conservation in the Face of Melting Ice

Antarctica, a fragile and unique ecosystem, holds vast reserves of untapped resources, including minerals, oil, and gas that are becoming more available as ice further melts. However, the rapid melting of ice due to climate change poses significant challenges to conservation efforts. Antarctica has historically not been a prominent focus of EU policymakers, partly due to its low visibility in global politics and the tendency of some member states to protect their sovereign domain. The EU's current approach to Antarctica lacks coherence and is characterized by limited issue engagement. However, the EU has taken some action in promoting marine protected areas (MPAs) to maintain its image as an environmental leader, despite conflicting interests between economic opportunities and sustainable management principles. China, Russia, and Norway have expressed skepticism about creating new protected areas due to differing regulatory approaches, economic interests, and geopolitical rivalries. The EU finds itself involved in a geopolitical rivalry centered around Antarctica, where economic and environmental interests clash.

+ Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

Chairs: Tomas Fuchs-Lynch, Joshua Rodriguez, Ingrid Rodríguez Vila

Topic 1: Nutrición y Acceso a Dietas Saludables

La Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños (CELAC) reconoce la importancia de la nutrición y el acceso a dietas saludables como pilares fundamentales para el bienestar y desarrollo de las personas de sus países miembros. Consciente de que una alimentación adecuada es esencial para el crecimiento, la salud y el rendimiento de sus poblaciones, la CELAC necesita promover políticas y programas que fomenten el acceso equitativo a la producción y distribución de alimentos nutritivos, . Además, la organización precisa trabajar en estrecha colaboración con sus países miembros para abordar los desafíos relacionados con la malnutrición, la obesidad y las enfermedades asociadas, mediante la implementación de estrategias integrales que promuevan la educación nutricional, la promoción de estilos de vida saludables y la regulación de la industria alimentaria. En este sentido, la CELAC busca fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en la región, garantizando que todas las personas tengan acceso a dietas balanceadas y adecuadas que contribuyan a su bienestar físico y mental.

Topic 2: Deforestación en Centro y Sudamérica

Centro y sudamérica guarda bosques con altos niveles de biodiversidad. A pesar de que estos bosques son mucho más vulnerables al cambio climático, no suelen ser protegidos, sino destruidos y convertidos en terreno agrícola. “Más de 43 millones de hectáreas fueron pérdidas en estos frentes desde el 2004 hasta 2017” dice World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Aunque estos terrenos suelen ser usados para construir y mantener los cultivos y agricultura principales que sirven para soportar el estado de la economía de estos países, cómo Brasil, sus impactos en el medio ambiente son mucho más graves. Sin embargo, el ritmo drástico de deforestación también afecta negativamente a los habitantes de estas áreas y unas más que otros. Por ejemplo muchas gente indigena que viven en la Amazonía son sacados violentamente de sus hábitats mientras sus terrenos son destruidos o hasta son matados cuando enfrenten las fuerzas de destrucción. Esta comisión va a tratar de entender los diferentes impactos que la deforestación tiene y a tratar de crear unas soluciones para reducirlo.

+ Union for the Mediterranean (UfM)

Chairs: Karen Yang, Peter Nelson

Topic 1: Promoting Sustainable Development among Mediterranean Countries

The Mediterranean region undergoes a lot of the impact of climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and water scarcity. This is exemplified by the fact that the Mediterranean region is warming 20% faster than the global average. These challenges pose significant risks to the region's sustainable development, including economic growth, social welfare, and environmental conservation. The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) can play a vital role in addressing climate change challenges and promoting sustainable development by collaborating with member states and other relevant organizations to enhance sustainable development policies and practices, support climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, and promote regional cooperation on climate change issues. The debate will focus on identifying ways to improve UfM's role in addressing climate change challenges and promoting sustainable development, like enhancing regional policies and frameworks, promoting cross-border collaboration, and investing in sustainable development programs.

Topic 2: Peace, Stability, and Security in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean region is facing significant security challenges, including political instability, conflict, terrorism, and organized crime. These challenges pose significant risks to the region's peace, stability, and security, as well as to the economic and social well-being of its citizens. The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) can play a critical role in promoting peace, stability, and security by collaborating with member states and relevant organizations to bolster regional security frameworks, support conflict prevention and resolution efforts, and promote regional cooperation on security issues. The debate will focus on identifying ways to strengthen UfM's role in promoting peace, stability, and security, such as augmenting regional policies, promoting cross-border collaboration, and investing in conflict prevention and resolution programs. In addition, the debate will highlight the importance of investing in women's empowerment and gender equality as a critical component of ensuring peace, stability, and security in the Mediterranean region.

+ Arab League (LAS)

Chairs: Jacob Liao, Sophia Chin McManus

Topic 1: Treatments and Rights of Religious Minorities

Most states in the Arab League are home to majority Muslim populations but religious diversity still exists in the Middle East. Other religious groups include Christians, Jewish, and even other branches of the Islamic faith such as the Shiite Muslim. While the Shias are one of the smaller religious minorities, they face heavy discrimination in states such as Iraq, for example, and are attacked by armed groups in Syria where they are viewed as rebels from the viewpoint of the authoritarian government. The Sunni Bahrain royal family has also been accused of jailing Shia clerics and harassing them. Discrimination against Christians is also particularly prevalent in Egypt and Iraq. The role of delegates in this committee is to discuss and come to an agreement as to where the religious, ethnic, and political lines lie among the Arab League states and find ways of supporting or condoning specific religious minorities in the modern, post-Ottoman reforms landscape of the Middle East.

Topic 2: Restoring Civilian Rule in Sudan

Sudan has been fraught with conflict since its independence in 1956. Military forces have ruled over the country for most of its history and attempts to transition to civilian rule have been largely unsuccessful. In 2023, escalating tensions between the Rapid Support Force (RSF), a paramilitary organization, and the military junta led by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) brought the country into yet another armed conflict. This most recent dispute has led to widespread violence, displacement of civilians, and a humanitarian crisis. As Sudan leans on the precipice of a civil war, delegates of the Arab League will discuss a comprehensive plan to mediate the conflict, with the ultimate goal of establishing a stable and democratic government in Sudan that meets the aspirations of its people and contributes to peace and security in the region. Delegates must consider the impact of international intervention on Sudan’s sovereignty and the sustainability of their solutions for Sudan.

+ Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Chairs: Max Cota, Hang Chen

Topic 1: Antiterrorism and Foreign Military Intervention in the Sahel

The Sahel region has been facing social, political, and economic instability due to a surge of terrorist activity in the past two decades. Deaths in the Sahel region made up 35% of the world’s terrorism deaths in 2021. This spread of terrorism has been coupled with weak national authorities, spurring reliance on the military aid of foreign entities such as France, and recently, Russia’s Wagner Group. This committee will attempt to address the threats of terrorism and violent extremism in the Sahel region, as well as the threats presented by foreign military intervention, in order to surpass the measures that have been taken within the last decade by the United Nations.

Topic 2: China’s Economic and Military Investment in West Africa

In recent decades, the People’s Republic of China has invested in the development of West African nations, and unlike American and European investors, has been generally unquestioning with regard to funding corrupt or authoritarian governments and potential human rights abuses. As a resource-rich region, West Africa is a strategic investment for China as it seeks to establish itself more firmly as a world economic and military power. With China planning to construct a new naval base in Equatorial Guinea, democratic leaders have called into question how China will affect West Africa’s sovereignty, democratic development, and relationship with the West. This committee will seek to address China’s threat to West African nations’ economic independence and diplomatic status within the international community, and attempt to propose solutions to China’s imposition.

+ Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Chairs: Jhan Setthachayanon, Poppy-Joe Stowell-Evans

Topic 1: Climate Displacement: Prevention and Protection

Climate displacement is a significant challenge faced by many South and East African countries due to the effects of climate change. As extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and storms become more frequent and intense, many people are forced to leave their homes and communities in search of safety and security. The issue of climate displacement requires urgent attention from the international community as an issue that poses economic, social, and political problems. This committee calls for empathetic and holistic solutions that consider and develop regional cooperation mechanisms and frameworks that tackle the cross-border nature of climate displacement, prioritize the protection of those displaced to support their rehabilitation, consider the maintenance of economies in an unstable time, and work to take preventative action to mitigate the climate crisis.

Topic 2: Digital Infrastructure

As the world quickly adopts a digital economy based on digital infrastructure like broadband, mobile telecommunications, satellite, fiber optic cables, and the internet, an estimated 900 million across the African continent people are still not connected to the internet. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of reliable connectivity compounded other challenges, including education and health services. Currently, many players are invested in developing African digital infrastructure, such as the European Union, US Trade and Development Agency, and various multinational private corporations. However, increased consideration must be given to broad access to fundamental public necessities that may determine whether upgraded digital infrastructure can be fully adopted and utilized once installed. This committee will explore social, political, and regional dimensions of this relationship between the physical and digital as well as relations with developers to arrive at processes that make sense for Eastern and Southern Africa.

+ Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO)

Chairs: Grant Zhang, William Ning

Topic 1: Chinese Investment in AALCO Member States Under the One Belt One Road Initiative

An emergent world power, China has by a fair margin both the second-largest economy in the world (behind the US) and the projected second-largest population in the world (behind India). This global position has allowed China significant political negotiating power. In 2013, the Chinese government announced the beginning of the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) Initiative to support and fund infrastructure developments in countries across the world and most importantly Asia and Africa, including in AALCO Member States. These projects have spurred considerable economic development across Asia and Africa and have undoubtedly been beneficial in supporting infrastructure, generating energy, and providing necessary goods via extensive trade. However, several potential issues have emerged following the roll-out of OBOR that may impact other AALCO member states. Namely, there are concerns over African and Asian debt sustainability, a lack of transparency over deals being made with China, the environmental impact of substantial infrastructure projects, as well as Chinese labor practices and human rights issues, among other concerns. Importantly, a lack of open conversation regarding Chinese investment and influence can lead to a degradation of principles. With international tensions already high, the AALCO hopes that Member States can share experiences and perspectives regarding China’s significant beneficial investment in other Member States as well as concerns over political strong-arming and intimidation to remain principled and neutral as an organization.

Topic 2: Transboundary Air Pollution with Specific Reference to Sand & Dust Storms (SDS) and Haze Pollution

Sand & Dust Storms (SDS) and Haze Pollution are specific issues posed by transboundary air pollution internationally, including in AALCO Member States. While Member States have independently begun taking action toward tackling transboundary pollution, there has been little discussion of SDS and Haze Pollution in AALCO briefings. However, provided the potential issues transboundary pollution poses to the environment and public health, the AALCO finds this to be an urgent topic of discussion. With other regional committees such as ASEAN already undergoing collective efforts against transboundary pollution, the AALCO hopes that Member States can share their experiences and perspectives in order for the Organization to take similar action in dealing with SDS and Haze Pollution. Furthermore, if Member States establish a common position in addressing these concerns at a general level, such a stance could catalyze progress on formulating global legal principles regarding transboundary pollution.

+ Napoleonic Wars

Chairs: Elena Ungurianu, Jack He, Wineth De Zoysa

Topic 1: The Battle of Borodino and the Occupation of Moscow

The Battle of Borodino was a major battle fought on September 7, 1812, during Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. It was a pivotal conflict between the French Grand Armée and the Russian Imperial Army, led by General Mikhail Kutuzov. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Napoleonic Wars, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The battle ended inconclusively, causing many strategic difficulties for both sides. It eventually led to Napoleon’s occupation of Moscow. Delegates will receive updates from the battlefield and come up with strategies to push their agenda, preserve troops, and keep morale up. Delegates will have to decide whether the armies should tactically retreat or advance, and will be deciding the fate of Moscow. The goals and logistics of each strategy will be carefully considered. Internal tensions will have to be navigated. Additionally, the views of allied forces will also be taken into account.

Topic 2: The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a major diplomatic conference held in 1814-1815 following the Napoleonic Wars. It was attended by representatives of the major European powers, including Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia, with the aim of reorganizing Europe after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. It marked a significant point in European diplomacy, being the first conference on a continental scale where notional representatives came together in one city at the same time. The primary goal of the Congress will be to establish a balance of power in Europe and prevent future conflicts. Delegates will need to find ways to restore stability, maintain peace, redraw the map of Europe, and restore traditional monarchies. Emphasis will also be on suppressing revolutionary ideas that emerged from the French Revolution and Napoleon’s rule. New alliances will need to be formed as the political landscape of Europe is being decided for decades to come.

+ Press Corp: Chat GPT and the Usage of AI

Chairs: Yasmine Chokrane, Mark Chung

Topic 1: Interrogating Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Journalism

In the first half of this committee, delegates will be assigned different news outlets of various mediums and ideologies to represent and participate in a discourse concerning the ethics of artificial intelligence in journalism. As it stands, AI technology automatically generates roughly 40,000 stories a year, and robo-reporters threaten the work and livelihood of daily journalists. Delegates, alongside representatives of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), will consider the use of artificial intelligence platforms, like Chat GPT, and their efficacy in reporting, writing, and otherwise expediting the journalistic process. Resolutions passed in this portion of the committee will directly impact the events of the Press Corps that will take place in the second half.

Topic 2: Press Corps

In the second half of this committee, delegates will be tasked with immersing themselves in the world of journalism by writing news and feature pieces on committees assigned to them prior to the conference. Delegates will assume the position of their assigned news outlet and will author their pieces based on their real-world counterparts. Delegates will be tasked with writing press releases, conducting interviews, and operating a social media platform (i.e. Twitter) reporting live on their assigned committees. This committee will require delegates who are quick to adapt to changing environments and able to balance multiple tasks at once. Delegates will be judged based on their integrity in their respective news outlets, reporting abilities, and creativity. Any resolutions passed during the first half of the committee will be applied to this portion of the conference.

+ The Sino Japanese War

Chairs: Alex Lam, Jeb Cui

Topic 1: Build-Up to the First Sino-Japanese War: The Donghak Rebellion

Tensions between Japan and China, two nations both trying to modernize their militaries and exert influence over Korea, are growing. In April 1894, the Donghak Peasant Revolution erupts, driven by the corruption of the Korean government. The rebel army begins to fight their way toward Seoul, pushing the government to call for foreign intervention. At this critical crossroads, members of the Korean government, the Donghak Rebellion, the Japanese cabinet, and the Qing Dynasty meet to discuss what will happen next.

Topic 2: Topic 2: The Beginning of the First Sino-Japanese War

In the wake of the Donghak Rebellion, Japan occupies Seoul and captures the Korean king. By replacing the Korean government with a pro-Japanese one, Japan challenges China for dominance in East Asia. As Japan moves to expel the Qing Army, each side prepares for a fight. As key figures of each country, delegates create their own version of the First Sino-Japanese War on a wargame-inspired board. Through cooperation and deception, delegates must gain allies while using their forces to increase their own influence on the map, all with the goal of securing their interests in the final treaty.

+ Percy Jackson and the Olympians

Chairs: Maddy Megal, Sanjana Mittal, Gai Ogasawara, Gustavo Toledo

Topic 1: Rising Tensions Between Olympian Gods and Demigods

The world has been rocked by the increasing tension between the Olympian Gods and their demigod offspring. The strained relationship between these two groups threatens global stability, as conflicts erupt due to misunderstandings, mistrust, and the gods' neglect of their demigod children. Demigods' unique abilities and connections to the divine realm have caught the attention of several extremist factions, both mortal and supernatural, who seek to exploit their powers for personal gain or to challenge the Olympian rule. These rising tensions threaten not only the safety of demigods but also the delicate balance of power between the gods. How can the groups come together to counter the threats that face them?

Topic 2: Preserving the Balance of Mythological Forces in the Modern World

The delicate balance between mythological forces and the modern world faces an unprecedented threat. As ancient creatures and powerful deities emerge from obscurity, the very fabric of reality hangs in the balance. Unstable forces from the mythological realm are increasingly intruding upon the mortal world, causing chaos and endangering both humans and supernatural beings alike. The risk of global cataclysm looms large, demanding decisive action. The Heroes of Olympus Council must collaboratively devise measures to ensure the preservation of the balance between mythological forces and the modern world, preventing further destruction and restoring order.

+ Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)

Chairs: Dean Centa, James Richardson

Topic 1: The Treaty of Versailles

Delegates will first be tasked with recreating the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the state of war between Germany and the majority of the Allied Powers. After determining whether or not to blame unilateral blame on Germany for the First World War, delegates must also consider implementing military restrictions on Germany as well as if and how much Germany would be forced to pay reparations. There are also a variety of territorial changes that delegates must come to an agreement upon, both in Europe and in the formerly German-occupied African colonies. With each provision in the treaty, delegates should consider both its benefit to world peace and security, as well as its popularity and effect in one’s home country.

Topic 2: The Treaty of Sèvres

Delegates will next be tasked with recreating the Treaty of Sèvres, which ended the state of war between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. There are a multitude of provisions regarding Turkish territory that must be addressed, including the creation of a Palestinian Mandate and a Syrian-Lebanese Mandate. Just as with the Treaty of Versailles, delegates must also consider any military and financial restrictions they wish to impose on the Ottomans. Furthermore, delegates will be tasked with determining who was responsible for the Armenian genocide and enable future prosecution of the war criminals. Again, with each provision in the treaty, delegates should consider both its benefit to world peace and security, as well as its popularity and effect in one’s home country.

+ Everything is Fine: Welcome to The Good Place

Chairs: Jessica Nyiam, Alex Abarca, Caroline Utermann

Topic 1: A New Afterlife: Merging the Good Place and the Bad Place

Welcome to the Good Place! In this fast-paced, advanced committee, you can expect to tackle some of life – and death’s – most pressing questions. What constitutes a good life, how should good deeds be rewarded, is redemption possible, are punishments ethical, and what is the purpose of the afterlife? Join Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason, as well as the Good Place and Bad Place Architects, as they try to construct a more fair and more equitable afterlife. Expect fun crisis updates, wacky specialized moments, and good laughs as we create a new afterlife for the eons! The committee will be based on events and characters from the show, so delegates are encouraged to watch The Good Place if possible, although The Good Place Wiki is comprehensive. If you have any questions regarding the committee, please email the chairs!

+ 2030: The Formation of the East African Federation

Chairs: Raaghav Malik, Christian Thomas, Elon Atlaw

Topic 1: Negotiating Power Dynamics and Political Structures in the East African Federation

The formation of the East African Federation marks a significant step towards regional integration, but it also presents a complex set of challenges in terms of power dynamics and political structures. Delegates will grapple with the task of designing a governance framework that ensures equitable representation and decision-making power for member states, while also addressing potential concerns over centralized authority and the protection of individual sovereignty. As the United Council navigates this delicate balance, tensions may arise regarding the allocation of executive powers, legislative authority, and mechanisms for dispute resolution. The discussions will focus on building consensus around the future political structure of the Federation and addressing potential crises that may emerge during the negotiations.

Topic 2: Harmonizing Economic Policies and Achieving Sustainable Development

The economic implications of the East African Federation are substantial, as member states must align their economic policies and strategies to foster sustainable development and economic integration. The United Council will delve into discussions surrounding the harmonization of trade policies, customs regulations, and monetary systems within the Federation. Attention will also be given to addressing potential disparities in economic development among member states, ensuring fair distribution of resources, and managing potential economic crises that may arise during the integration process. Furthermore, The Council will explore strategies for leveraging the collective resources and strengths of member states to promote industrialization, innovation, and investment, while also considering the potential challenges associated with the free movement of labor and the protection of local industries.

+ Et tu, Brute?: Rome in Crisis

Chairs: Daniel Wang, Emma Neville

Topic 1: Rome in Crisis

Rome is under Julius Caesar’s rule. We, the senators, magistrates, and military generals of Rome, are discontent with his current policies. Through his legislation to consolidate his own power and pack the Senate with his own followers, our voices and influence are being tuned out. Do we perform an assassination to take him out of power or do we try to reason with him? Carthage is at our door and our diplomacy is failing which can possibly lead to war. Should we keep Caesar in power to unify our military powers at this crucial time?

Topic 2: O superi: Carthago Resurgens!

The crisis in Rome is compounded by the looming threat from Carthage, which poses a significant risk to Rome's security and territorial integrity. Delegates will analyze the efficacy of keeping Caesar in power to unify the military forces during this crucial time of external aggression. Discussions will encompass the potential advantages and drawbacks of a unified military command, the ability to leverage Rome's military prowess to deter Carthage, and the implications for diplomatic negotiations. Delegates will also explore alternative strategies for engaging with Carthage diplomatically, while assessing the potential consequences of a failed diplomacy, such as the outbreak of war, the impact on Rome's resources, and the preservation of its standing in the international arena.

+ Catching Fire: The Hunger Games

Chairs: Alexis Nketia, Semona Robel, Anthony Kurz

Topic 1: A New Rebellion

Following the capture of Katniss Everdeen by District 13, the flames of rebellion ignite throughout Panem. Delegates will engage in discussions focused on organizing and coordinating resistance movements across the districts to challenge the oppressive rule of the Capitol. The deliberations will revolve around strategies for sharing intelligence, pooling resources, and fostering solidarity among the districts. Delegates will explore mechanisms for effective communication, building alliances, and coordinating tactical operations to weaken the Capitol's control and inspire others to join the cause. Attention will also be given to addressing potential internal divisions and ensuring a unified front against the Capitol's forces.

Topic 2: Rebuilding a New Panem

As the rebellion gains momentum and the Capitol's rule begins to crumble, delegates must confront the daunting task of rebuilding Panem into a just and equitable society. Discussions will center around transitional justice mechanisms to hold accountable those responsible for the oppression and atrocities committed by the Capitol. Delegates will explore strategies for ensuring the protection of human rights, fostering reconciliation, and addressing the deep-rooted socioeconomic inequalities that plagued Panem. Attention will also be given to establishing a system of governance that guarantees representation, participatory decision-making, and the empowerment of marginalized groups. Delegates will grapple with the challenges of balancing the need for justice and stability while navigating the complexities of post-revolutionary society.

+ Area 51

Chairs: Natalie Miller, Dylan Bober

Topic 1: Public Notification of Extraterrestrial Life

In recent weeks, the United States has come into possession of extraterrestrial life and has stored these alien creatures (and their spacecraft) at the infamous Area 51 compound located in Nevada. This committee of senior U.S. officials will discuss how the public should be notified (if at all), and whether to make contact with the alien civilization, which is located in the galaxy Malin 1.

Topic 2: Intergovernmental Organization on Extraterrestrial Research

Now that the world is privy to the existence of extraterrestrial life in Area 51, many countries have grown concerned over their exclusion from knowledge/research regarding extraterrestrials on US soil. The other G7 countries, as well as Russia and China, demand inclusion in these developments and desire an intergovernmental organization that studies this newfound extraterrestrial life—although the US holds clear possession of the alien creatures and their spacecraft. In subsequent weeks, US scientists discover the alien species possessed valuable genetic information that could benefit the country financially. How will these other countries manage to convince the United States that an intergovernmental organization is beneficial to studying extraterrestrial life and that valuable genetic information can be better utilized by the entire world?

+ AD HOC

Chairs: Kaise Dualeh, Deven Kinney, Ahmed Alananzeh

No position paper is expected for this committee

+ Citizens of Barbieland

Chairs: Dominique Castanheira, Jad Bataha

Topic 1: (Un)happiness in Utopia

New, strange occurrences are cropping up in Barbieland: flat feet, thoughts of death and even cellulite! These happenings seem to jeopardize the utopia and the perfection of yesterday, today and tomorrow. Delegates will engage with the onset of the problems that face the Barbies and question the nature of the land in which they live. How should the citizens of Barbieland come together to address these issues? In a space of plastic perfection, is there space for negative emotions?

Topic 2: The Patriarchy Strikes Back: The Kendom Coup

Generic Barbie’s search for selfhood outside the borders of Barbieland has produced unexpected consequences after Generic Ken snuck into her pink convertible and convinced her to allow him to join her as she rode the rocket ships, boats, and camper vans to reach the Real World. While exploring the inconceivably-tall skyscrapers, enticing new technologies, and shockingly muted clothing choices that predominate outside Barbieland, Ken was elated to discover yet another major component of American culture: the patriarchy. After decades of life in a world where men had no political representation and no understanding of their own existence outside their relationship to Barbies that rarely, if ever, returned their affection, Ken’s trip into the real world revealed that another gendered dynamic is possible, one that privileges him and allows him the ultimate power to determine the social and political formations of society. Upon his return to Barbieland, he preached the gospel of patriarchal power to the other Kens, who were similarly eager to experience power for the first time. After brainwashing the other Barbies into the cult of traditional domesticity, the Kens have seized control of the government and are working to transform Barbieland into the Kendom, in which Dream Houses are transformed into Mojo Dojo Casa Houses, shelves once filled with heels are strewn with chip residue and haphazardly-placed fur coats, and a world once defined by female empowerment falls under the spell of the patriarchy. (How) will you save Barbieland from the patriarchy? What made Barbieland, a space seemingly rooted in feminism, so susceptible to these kinds of political transformations? What new norms and regulations are needed to build back a better Barbieland?

+ 1984 US Intervention in Nicaragua

Chairs: Annie Gu, Andrey Sokolov

Topic 1: Instability and Elections

Following the departure of the Somoza family in 1979, the Sandinista government inherited a broken Nicaragua drowned in debt, a shaky political landscape, and substantial amounts of displaced citizens. To elect the next leader for the nation, the temporary government of Nicaragua has agreed on hosting a Democratic election on November 1st, 1984. Tensions are high as military conflict between the US-backed Contras and Soviet-backed Sandinistas continues. Although the election only concerns Nicaraguan voters, interest from international parties continues to impact the political landscape of the region. Political parties will need to select candidates they believe best represent them, and the public must be convinced of these candidates’ ability to rebuild the nation.

The committee will seek to stabilize the future of Nicaragua through this election while navigating its current unstable political climate and state of emergency. International involvement in the region will further shake the direction of the committee as Nicaragua’s best interests are not the only interests in the region.

Topic 2: Human Rights Violations in Nicaragua

With the Sandinistas taking control in 1979, there has been an ever present ideological conflict playing out in Nicaragua between Soviet- and US-backed forces. There are numerous human rights abuses committed both by the US-funded Contras and communist supporters of the Sandinista regime. For instance, The Contras are accused of targeting civilians suspected of supporting the Sandinista government. Similarly, the Sandinista authorities are also accused of human rights violations, including summary executions of suspected Contra sympathizers. Additionally, the Sandinista government is implementing restrictions on freedom of expression and association during the conflict. Independent media outlets are being censored, and journalists face harassment and intimidation. The tensions in the region are rising. How can we reach a resolution to prevent the collapse of Nicaragua?

+ JCC: Jacobites - 1745

Chairs: Ben Rosenthal, Karla Perdomo Nuñez

Fellow scots! The time is at hand to free our beloved land, our highlands!!! country from English oppression! After our great king James II was deposed by the wicked William (a dutchman no less) it's our duty as citizens of the highlands to reclaim our throne and defend our people. We have endured floggings, the vile destruction of our towns and innumerable humiliations at the hands of the Hanoverian dynasty. Blood of my blood, bone of my bone, will you rise up with us, or will you fall with the British? For freedom, for Scotland!

+ JCC: Royalists - 1745

Chairs: Samuel Bowles, Emmet Houghton

Faithful Scots and Brits! The bloody Jacobites are almost upon us! We have fought against the Stuart pretenders for over fifty years, and now is the time for the Hanoverian dynasty to stamp out the line of the Catholic kings! Will you back the filthy, faffing, lily-livered, warmongering rebels, or will you stand with and die for your true king? May he sedition hush, and like a torrent rush, rebellious Scots to crush, God save the King!

+ JCC: American Presidential Election 2024: Democrats

Chairs: Layla Hedroug, Pranet Sharma, Thea Patel

The year is 2024, which means one thing: American election season! In a time of global political instability, recession murmurings, and ongoing crises including the climate, the sky-high national debt, and rising degrees of polarization between the parties, this election may very well be one of the most consequential of our lifetimes. As prominent members of the Democratic Party, you are working to maintain your hold over the White House. This may prove a bit of an uphill climb, considering the low approval rates facing President Biden and widespread concerns about his ability to perform the duties of the Presidency for four more years considering his age. While the party has mostly unified behind him as the 2024 nominee with only long-shot candidates running against him at this point, it is far too early in the election season to rule out a competitive primary field, especially considering the murmurings of the need for a younger candidate to galvanize voters to come out to the polls to keep America blue in November. Losing the White House could prove especially disastrous considering the widespread election denialism and insurrection-mongering amongst prominent members of the Republican Party, including former President Donald Trump, who appears dead-set on a rematch with Biden. Winning this election, then, is not simply a matter of keeping the executive branch Democrat-controlled: it is a crucial referendum on the future of American democracy, a competition whose outcome will change the course of American history forever.

Topic 1: The Hungry for Power Games: Primary Season!

Topic 2: Winning the White House!

+ JCC: American Presidential Election 2024: Republicans

Chairs: Alastair Rao, Charlie Calkins

The year is 2024, which means one thing: American election season! In a time of global political instability, recession murmurings, and ongoing crises including the climate, the sky-high national debt, and rising degrees of polarization between the parties, this election may very well be one of the most consequential of our lifetimes. As prominent members of the Republican Party, you are intent on winning back the White House. After a turbulent 2020 election that culminated in an attempted coup against the American government and widespread election result denialism amongst certain members of your party’s ranks, and an unexpected rout in the 2022 midterms, the GOP finds itself at a critical juncture in deciding which candidate to nominate. Donald Trump is back in the running despite ongoing legal challenges with the Department of Justice, but despite his early lead in the polls, he is facing stiff competition from candidates including Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, former New Jersey governor Chris Christie, and his own Vice President Mike Pence. As recent clashes on the floor of the House of Representatives have demonstrated, the GOP is starkly divided between an older conservative tradition and a younger far-right group of politicians taking American nationalism to new extremes. The future of the Republican Party may very well hinge on what kind of candidate you choose to select. Furthermore, if the Republican Party fails once again to win the White House, the schism that loss could cause has the potential to permanently fragment it, revealing the importance of winning this election.

Topic 1: The Hungry for Power Games: Primary Season!

Topic 2: Winning the White House!

+ YMUN 1050: Learn Today, Lead Tomorrow

Chairs: Arshnoor Kaur, Amit Kamma, Olivia Lombardo, Ishan Narra

It is the year 3023. Intelligent extraterrestrial life was first discovered elsewhere in the Milky Way galaxy about 500 years ago, and new life continues to be found on different planets every year. Earth has found its place in a new galactic order, and must find a way to live in harmony with new intelligent species. At the moment, there is a great deal of tension between planets and species, and alliances are being formed. As a gesture of cooperation, the President of the United Worlds General Assembly has tasked the YMUN 1050 secretariat with creating a conference in space that provides an education in diplomacy and galactic relations for high school students from all over the galaxy, in hopes that this will ease some of the tensions and teach the next generation to be more considerate leaders. The YMUN 1050 secretariat have come up with a revised mission:

YMUW aims to empower students from high schools around the galaxy through deep and active engagement with complex galactic issues. At YMUW, delegates develop skills in diplomacy, cooperation, and critical thinking that motivate lifelong galactic citizenship. Delegates leave YMUW with the knowledge that they can make an impact and affect positive change in the Milky Way galaxy.

Topic 1: Location. Location. Location.

Since this conference is a grand gesture of cooperation and teamwork between worlds, the location it is held is essential to getting the appropriate message across. YMUN is an extremely unique Model UN conference, because it is held directly on Yale’s campus and allows students to experience it first-hand while they learn and grow. However, hosting the conference on Earth would be the opposite of a cooperative gesture, so it must be held in space. The secretariat must figure out how to overcome this identity crisis and put on an exceptional conference outside of Earth. There are many other planets, asteroids, and moons within the Milky Way where the first YMUW conference can be held, but each comes with consequences. The YMUW secretariat must find a suitable location for the conference, and hope they do not start an interplanetary war in the process.

Topic 2: Welcome to YMUW!

Planning an interplanetary conference in space is a difficult job and comes with many struggles. However, those are nothing compared to the issues that arise while a conference is in session. One of the biggest problems the secretariat will undoubtedly face is that of communication barriers. Not all intelligent species communicate via language, some have telepathic ability and others use complex body language to understand each other. The secretariat must implement a strategy to facilitate communication and allow all delegates to be included in YMUW activities, while also responding to all other issues that may come up when a conference is in session. The secretariat must make their choices carefully, as every decision has the capacity to threaten the state of the galactic order.

+ UNSC 2124

Chairs: Nathan Apfel, Eli Tsung

The year is 2124, and the past century of anthropogenic climate change has left the world almost unrecognizable. Huge floods and frequent hurricanes have rendered most coastal cities uninhabitable. Overseas trade has become dangerous and unreliable. Prolonged droughts have critically destabilized global agriculture. Hundreds of millions of people have been forced to leave their homes and ways of life. This wave of migration, along with the breakdown in global supply systems, has led to an unprecedented increase in conflict around the world. Your role, as members of the UNSC, is to do everything you can to keep international peace. How will your countries address the climate refugee crisis? What can you do to prevent resource disputes from becoming violent? In a world so different from the world in which the UN was founded, how can the UN stay relevant? Can it guide its member states toward a brighter future? In the 21st century, the world’s governments failed to mitigate climate change. Now it’s time to clean up the mess.

Topic 1: Climate Refugees

Topic 2: Resource Scarcity and Privatization

+ National Security Council (9/12/2001)

Chairs: Evan Calderón, Luisa Metz, Pranet Sharma

Yesterday, our country was attacked on a scale never seen before. This was not just an attack, but a targeted message against the very soul of our nation: our democracy. President Bush has called upon you, the National Security Council, to determine the best path forward. How will we protect the safety of our citizens? What message will we send the world about our willingness to defend our liberties and freedom? Resolving the fallout of this attack will require the collaboration of skilled politicians, military strategists, surveillance experts, and dedicated public servants. The United States of America does not waver in the face of attack and we will prevail — it is up to you to determine how. God bless us all and God bless America.

Topic 1: Accountability for the 9/11 Attacks

TBA

Topic 2: Threat of Continued Terrorism and National Security Strategy

TBA